Mars methane is difficult to hint, however an answer is likely to be on the best way.
An early-stage airplane idea known as MAGGIE will quickly kick off a nine-month NASA-funded research to discover its feasibility for hovering over Mars. It will not go to the Crimson Planet any time quickly, if ever, however there is a clear science want for extra flying autos on Mars.
NASA’s Ingenuity helicopter, the primary heavier-than-air automobile to soar on Mars, completed 72 flights after arriving with the Perseverance rover in February 2021. Whereas Ingenuity had a tough touchdown in January 2024 that grounded it for good, there’s loads of room for extra flying autos sooner or later.
MAGGIE — quick for “Mars Aerial and Floor Clever Explorer” — is designed to function for a Martian yr (almost two Earth years) anyplace across the Crimson Planet. Flying 3,300 toes (1,000 meters) above the floor, considered one of its prime missions could possibly be discovering methane. That elusive molecule could possibly be an indication of life, however scientists have had little luck determining its presence within the Martian ambiance after many years of looking.
Associated: Life after Ingenuity: How scientists hope to achieve the skies of Mars as soon as extra
Methane, a doable biosignature fuel, has been exhausting to seek out on Mars. It pops up on occasion within the ambiance, detectable by spacecraft on or orbiting the Crimson Planet or by highly effective telescopes right here on Earth. NASA’s long-running Curiosity rover mission (ancestor to Perseverance), for instance, has repeatedly detected methane since 2012, however the ranges go up and down — a background stage of lower than 0.5 components per billion (ppb) molecules of air, generally spiking as much as 20 ppb.
The following logical step could possibly be a flying automobile like MAGGIE, principal investigator Gecheng Zha advised House.com. Zha is CEO of Coflow Jet and a professor on the College of Miami who acquired 9 months of funding beneath the NASA Progressive Superior Ideas (NIAC) program to discover this idea additional.
MAGGIE might keep within the air for a distance of 111 miles (179 km), its design suggests, on a single cost of its photo voltaic panels. Zha says high-resolution devices on board might pick hint quantities of methane within the ambiance, or different potential transient phenomena like liquid water on Mars. Higher but, “we are able to additionally land in anywhere we would prefer to get samples,” he advised House.com.
An image of NASA’s Curiosity rover on Mars composed of 57 separate photographs the rover took on May 12, 2019. Curiosity has found transient signals of methane on Mars. (Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS)
MAGGIE’s presumed vary comes courtesy of patented know-how that might use air compressors to maintain the plane aloft. The air compressors transfer small quantities of ambiance from the again of the wings towards the entrance, each growing elevate and lowering drag.
This course of would enable MAGGIE to be versatile for various temperatures and pressures of ambiance, permitting it to navigate the skinny air of Mars throughout totally different seasons and at totally different latitudes, notably throughout difficult seasons like winter. Usually, the Martian ambiance’s strain is between 6 and 10 millibars, only one one-hundredth of Earth’s floor strain, according to NASA . And through the chilly season, roughly 25% of the atmosphere condenses on the polar caps, inflicting an additional plunge in Crimson Planet strain.
Earlier than reaching Mars, MAGGIE should meet the key purpose of its NIAC section 1 research, which is to find out if the airplane might certainly work within the skinny ambiance of Mars. “We’ll do extra automobile design and a feasibility research, and we will even do the science mission,” Zha mentioned, emphasizing that companions equivalent to NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California will even be concerned on the science aspect.
Subsequent up, if the preliminary MAGGIE research goes effectively, shall be inclusion within the two-year section 2 of NIAC to deepen the engineering and science work. A variety of investigations might fly on the mission, equivalent to inspecting the unusual magnetic discipline of Mars, or photographing floor options in excessive definition, relying on the precedence.
Zha has been engaged on the thought behind MAGGIE for greater than 20 years, totally on the engineering aspect. He acquired a number of grants earlier than this one, too, together with NASA funding for a type of jet flow control , and the Protection Superior Analysis Initiatives Company (DARPA) Award for Aviation Transports .
He was glad to see Ingenuity take flight within the interim: “Once we noticed the Ingenuity helicopter flying, it was very, very thrilling and galvanizing.” And he is trying ahead to different Martian explorers taking to the skies as quickly as possible.
That might occur comparatively rapidly, pending ongoing troubles with funding for NASA’s Mars Pattern Return program. The present idea suggests two helicopter fetchers might journey together with the return mission within the 2030s that might deliver caches again from the floor, which had been collected by Perseverance.
