The European House Company (ESA) launched its closing Vega rocket this week, lofting a Sentinel-2C Earth remark satellite tv for pc into orbit. This wraps up 12 years of service and 20 profitable flights for the venerable Vega. The rocket launched a number of well-known missions, together with LISA Pathfinder (2015), the Earth-observing satellites Proba-V (2013), and Aeolus (2018). ESA will now launch some of these payloads on the brand new Vega-C rocket, able to launching heavier payloads at a lower cost.
Vega’s closing launch was on September 5, 2024 from Europe’s Spaceport in French Guiana, and ESA said that it was becoming the rocket boosted to orbit one of many Sentinel satellites, as Vega had beforehand launched Sentinel-2A in 2015 and Sentinel-2B in 2017.
Vega was a smaller however highly effective rocket launcher designed to loft smaller science and Earth remark satellites, specializing in launching of satellites into polar orbit. At 30 meters (98 ft) tall the rocket weighs 137 tons on the launch pad. Vega consisted of three solid-propellant powered phases with the a liquid-propellant fourth stage. earlier than the fourth liquid-propellant stage took over to carry satellites to their required orbit. Vega might attain house in simply six minutes.
Vega’s first launch occurred in February 2012, conducting a superbly executed qualification flight to deploy 9 science cubesats into Earth orbit.
On Vega’s second flight in 2013, a secondary payload adapter known as Vespa was added. This offered totally different choices for payload ride-sharing the place a number of satellites may very well be launched on one rocket. This flight introduced three satellites to orbit — Earth remark satellites, ESA’s Proba-V, Vietnam’s VNREDSat-1A and Estonia’s first satellite tv for pc, the ESTCube-1 know-how demonstrator. All three had been launched into totally different orbits and the advanced mission required 5 upper-stage boosts, with the flight lasting about twice so long as its first launch.
Probably the most satellites Vega ever launched to orbit was in 2020 when a variant of Vespa was used — known as the Small Spacecraft Mission Service — and introduced over 50 satellites without delay to orbit.
2015 was Vega’s’ busiest 12 months, launching three ESA missions together with a reentry demonstrator known as IXV that show the know-how to launch a car to house and return it safely to Earth. According to ESA, in lower than two hours Vega accelerated IXV to speeds of 27,000 km/h (16,777 mph) at a top of 412 km (250 miles) earlier than the reentry car splashed down within the Atlantic Ocean.
However now ESA is constructing on Vega’s heritage, and the period of Vega-C has already begun. This new rocket completed its inaugural flight in July of 2022, placing the primary payload LARES-2 – a scientific mission of the Italian House Company ASI – into orbit in addition to six analysis CubeSats from France, Italy and Slovenia. ESA stated Vega-C will present higher efficiency and higher payload functionality because it has two new strong propulsion phases, an uprated fourth stage, a newly designed fairing, and new floor infrastructure.
