On today 50 years in the past, human beings embarked on a journey to set foot on another world for the very first time.
At 9:32 a.m. EDT, tens of millions watched as Apollo astronauts Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin and Michael Collins lifted off from Launch Pad 39A on the Kennedy Area Middle in Cape Canaveral, Florida, flying excessive on probably the most highly effective rocket ever constructed: the mighty Saturn V.
As we put together to return people to the lunar floor with our Artemis program, we’re planning to make historical past once more with a equally unprecedented rocket, the Space Launch System (SLS). The SLS can be our first exploration-class automobile for the reason that Saturn V took American astronauts to the Moon a decade in the past. With its superior raise functionality, the SLS will increase our attain into the photo voltaic system, permitting astronauts aboard our Orion spacecraft to discover a number of, deep-space locations together with near-Earth asteroids, the Moon and in the end Mars.
So, how does the Saturn V measure up half a century later? Let’s have a look.
Mission Profiles: From Apollo to Artemis
Saturn V
Each human who has ever stepped foot on the Moon made it there on a Saturn V rocket. The Saturn rockets had been the driving pressure behind our Apollo program that was designed to land people on the Moon and return them safely again to Earth.
Developed at our Marshall Space Flight Center within the Nineteen Sixties, the Saturn V rocket (V for the Roman numeral “5”) launched for the primary time uncrewed through the Apollo 4 mission on November 9, 1967. One yr later, it lifted off for its first crewed mission throughout Apollo 8. On this mission, astronauts orbited the Moon however didn’t land. Then, on July 16, 1969, the Apollo 11 mission was the primary Saturn V flight to land astronauts on the Moon. In complete, this highly effective rocket accomplished 13 profitable missions, touchdown people on the lunar floor six occasions earlier than lifting off for the final time in 1973.
Area Launch System (SLS)
Simply because the Saturn V was the rocket of the Apollo era, the Area Launch System would be the driving pressure behind a brand new period of spaceflight: the Artemis era.
During our Artemis missions, SLS will take humanity farther than ever earlier than. It’s the automobile that may return our astronauts to the Moon by 2024, transporting the primary girl and the following man to a vacation spot by no means earlier than explored – the lunar South Pole. Over time, the rocket will evolve into more and more extra highly effective configurations to offer the inspiration for human exploration past Earth’s orbit to deep house locations, together with Mars.
SLS will take flight for the primary time throughout Artemis 1 the place it’ll journey 280,000 miles from Earth – farther into deep house than any spacecraft constructed for people has ever ventured.
Measurement: From Massive to BIGGER
Saturn V
The Saturn V was massive.
In truth, the Vehicle Assembly Building at Kennedy Area Middle is without doubt one of the largest buildings on this planet by quantity and was constructed particularly for assembling the huge rocket. At a peak of 363 ft, the Saturn V rocket was concerning the dimension of a 36-story constructing and 60 ft taller than the Statue of Liberty!
Area Launch System (SLS)
Measured at simply 41 ft shy of the Saturn V, the initial SLS rocket will stand at a height of 322 feet. As a result of this rocket will evolve into heavier raise capacities to facilitate crew and cargo missions past Earth’s orbit, its dimension will evolve as properly. When the SLS reaches its most raise functionality, it’ll stand at a peak of 384 ft, making it the tallest rocket on this planet.
Energy: Turning Up the Warmth
Saturn V
For the Nineteen Sixties, the Saturn V rocket was a beast – to say the least.
Absolutely fueled for liftoff, the Saturn V weighed 6.2 million kilos and generated 7.6 million kilos of thrust at launch. That’s extra energy than 85 Hoover Dams! This thrust got here from 5 F-1 engines that made up the rocket’s first stage. With this raise functionality, the Saturn V had the power to ship 130 tons (about 10 college buses) into low-Earth orbit and about 50 tons (about 4 college buses) to the Moon.
Area Launch System (SLS)
Photograph of SLS rocket booster take a look at
Not like the Saturn V, our SLS rocket will evolve over time into more and more extra highly effective variations of itself to accommodate missions to the Moon after which past to Mars.
The primary SLS automobile, referred to as Block 1, will weigh 5.75 million kilos and produce 8.8 million kilos of thrust at time of launch. That’s 15 p.c greater than the Saturn V produced throughout liftoff! It can additionally ship greater than 26 tons past the Moon. Powered by a pair of five-segment boosters and 4 RS-25 engines, the rocket will attain the interval of best atmospheric pressure inside 90 seconds!
Following Block 1, the SLS will evolve 5 extra occasions to achieve its ultimate stage, Block 2 Cargo. At this stage, the rocket will present 11.9 million kilos of thrust and would be the workhorse automobile for sending cargo to the Moon, Mars and different deep house locations. SLS Block 2 can be designed to raise greater than 45 tons to deep house. With its unprecedented energy and capabilities, SLS is the one rocket that may ship our Orion spacecraft, astronauts and huge cargo to the Moon on a single mission.
Construct: How the Rockets Stack Up
Saturn V
The Saturn V was designed as a multi-stage system rocket, with three core phases. When one system ran out of gas, it separated from the spacecraft and the following stage took over. The primary stage, which was probably the most highly effective, lifted the rocket off of Earth’s floor to an altitude of 68 kilometers (42 miles). This took solely 2 minutes and 47 seconds! The primary stage separated, permitting the second stage to fireside and carry the remainder of the stack nearly into orbit. The third stage positioned the Apollo spacecraft and repair module into Earth orbit and pushed it towards the Moon. After the primary two phases separated, they fell into the ocean for restoration. The third stage both stayed in house or crashed into the Moon.
Area Launch System (SLS)
Very like the Saturn V, our Area Launch System can also be a multi-stage rocket. Its three phases (the stable rocket boosters, core stage and higher stage) will every take turns thrusting the spacecraft on its trajectory and separating after every particular person stage has exhausted its gas. In later, extra highly effective variations of the SLS, the third stage will carry each the Orion crew module and a deep house habitat module.
A New Period of Area Exploration
Simply because the Saturn V and Apollo period signified a brand new age of exploration and technological developments, the Area Launch System and Artemis missions will convey the US into a brand new age of house journey and scientific discovery.
Be a part of us in celebrating the 50th anniversary of the Apollo 11 Moon landing and listen to about our future plans to go ahead to the Moon and on to Mars by tuning in to a particular two-hour reside NASA Tv broadcast at 1 p.m. ET on Friday, July 19. Watch this system at www.nasa.gov/live.
Make certain to comply with us on Tumblr in your common dose of house:
