Citing delays, appearing NASA chief Sean Duffy introduced that the Artemis Program – NASA’s plan to return astronauts to the Moon – must be shaken up once more. The announcement got here on Monday (Oct. 22nd) when Duffy, additionally the Secretary of Transportation, made two tv appearances to debate ongoing issues with this system. This included the event of the Starship Human Touchdown System (HLS), the lunar lander that can transport astronauts to and from the lunar floor, which NASA contracted to SpaceX in 2021.
As well as, Duffy intimated that NASA’s present timeline for Artemis III (scheduled for 2027) is now not tenable. To this finish, he mentioned that NASA will broaden the competitors to develop an HLS system that can land astronauts on the lunar floor and return them to orbit. This newest announcement comes on the heels of price range cuts, mass layoffs, and shifting priorities, all of which have been summarized within the White Home’s FY 2026 Finances Request. The primary precedence this doc pressured was the necessity to “beat the Chinese language to the Moon,” who’re presently planning on touchdown taikonauts no earlier than 2030.
Showing on Fox Information’ Fox & Pals, Duffy emphasised how the proposed shakeup is all about assembly this precedence:
We’re on observe for Artemis two, proper? That is once more, out to the Moon and again. However Artemis three is once we land again on the Moon, that is gonna be a couple of 12 months and a half, two years from now. SpaceX has the contract… however they’re delayed. And so the President desires to ensure we beat the Chinese language. He desires to get there on his phrases. So I am within the strategy of opening that contract up.
I feel we’ll see firms like Blue [Origin] get entangled, and possibly others. We’re gonna have an area race in regard to American firms competing to see who can truly get us again to the Moon first. However, I really feel fairly assured with this competitors, we’re gonna beat the Chinese language and do it in President Trump’s time period, so earlier than [January 2029].
*Performing NASA Administrator Sean Duffy talking at a press briefing earlier than the launch of the Crew 11 mission. Credit score: NASA*
SpaceX and Blue Origin
Blue Origin is already contracted by the Artemis Program to supply touchdown providers (utilizing their Blue Moon lander). This consists of the Artemis V and Artemis VI missions, presently scheduled for March 2030 and March 2031 (respectively). In the meantime, SpaceX is contractually obligated to supply touchdown providers for Artemis III – the long-awaited return to the Moon – by mid-2027, adopted by Artemis VI in September 2028. Nonetheless, out of 11 whole orbital take a look at flights, the Starship prototypes exploded or have been misplaced in orbit.
In a number of circumstances, the Starship’s engines skilled untimely shutdowns because of propellant leaks, resulting in a lack of management and telemetry. As well as, the Starship has been stricken by performance issues with its engines and payload capacity – the quantity of mass it could possibly ship to area. Because it stands, the corporate maintains that the fully-reusable Starship shall be able to delivering 100 to 150 metric tons (110 to 165 US tons) to Low Earth Orbit (LEO).
In a current assertion, Musk urged that the present model of Starship (V2) would have a capability of about 35–50 tonnes to LEO. He additionally said that the fully-reusable V3, supposed to launch someday subsequent 12 months, will obtain over 100 metric tons. Assuming the V3 can ship on this promise, it’ll nonetheless have to be validated for crewed missions, which is able to embody a profitable demonstration flight. This may encompass the automobile launching to orbit, refueling with a tanker, touchdown on the lunar floor, after which returning to lunar orbit.
Whereas the corporate hoped to attain this milestone by 2026, they’re removed from delivering. The primary subject is orbital refueling, which requires transferring cryogenic propellants in LEO—a significant problem that has by no means been tried earlier than. Whereas SpaceX has efficiently demonstrated an inside propellant switch throughout Flight Test 3, they’re a good distance from totally refueling Starships in orbit. In a November 2024 assertion, Musk claimed they deliberate to conduct an orbital refueling demonstration by March 2025, however delays have pushed the date again indefinitely.
“And Possibly Others”
As Eric Berger of Ars Technica said in a current article, Duffy’s remarks could also be alluding to 2 attainable alternate options for attaining a crew-certified lunar lander if SpaceX cannot ship. This might embody Blue Origin’s plan to make use of a number of Mark 1 Blue Moon landers (a smaller uncrewed model of the automobile) to ship cargo and crew to the lunar floor. This automobile was initially designed to ship cargo in help of lunar missions, and to be launched utilizing the corporate’s New Glenn rocket, which was efficiently launch-tested earlier this 12 months.
Nonetheless, authorities sources recently reported that the corporate is creating a modified model of the automobile that might ship crews to the Moon as nicely. One other chance, says Berger, is that NASA might develop a lunar lander (much like the Apollo Lunar Module) that might be prepared for launch in two and a half years. “In current weeks, officers from conventional area firms have been telling Duffy and the chief of employees on the Division of Transportation, Pete Meachum, that they will construct an Apollo Lunar Module-like lander inside 30 months,” he wrote. “Amit Kshatriya, NASA’s affiliate administrator, favors this government-led strategy, sources mentioned.
Lockheed Martin, which is chargeable for offering NASA’s Orion spacecraft, additionally lately introduced that it is able to present an HLS system if needed. As Bob Behnken, a former NASA astronaut and the vice chairman of Exploration and Know-how Technique at Lockheed Martin House, said in a recent statement:
All through this 12 months, Lockheed Martin has been performing vital technical and programmatic evaluation for human lunar landers that would supply choices to NASA for a secure resolution to return people to the Moon as rapidly as attainable. We now have been working with a cross-industry group of firms, and collectively we’re trying ahead to addressing Secretary Duffy’s request to satisfy our nation’s lunar aims.
Musk, in response to Duffy’s assertion, appeared undeterred and even welcomed the competitors. As he posted on X, “SpaceX is shifting like lightning in comparison with the remainder of the area {industry}. Furthermore, Starship will find yourself doing the entire Moon mission. Mark my phrases.”
*Artist’s rendering of Blue Origin’s Mk. 1 Blue Moon lunar lander. Credit score: Blue Origin*
Inside Politics?
Based on a number of sources, this proposed shakeup may very well be extra than simply an try to speed up the Artemis Program and could also be motivated partly by inside politics. At current, the White Home is reopening the nomination course of for a everlasting NASA Administrator, which might find yourself being Jared Isaacman in any case. Whereas Trump declared that Isaacman was his selection for the place in December 2024,, his nomination was pulled over the course of the summer time.
However in line with a current report by Reuters, Isaacman is presently in talks to reclaim his nomination. Supposing that Isaacman is a severe contender for the function of Administrator (and his credentials definitely say as a lot). In that case, Berger means that Duffy could also be initiating the shakeup as a result of he is angling for the place himself. However, it’s clear at this level that Duffy, NASA, and the present administration intend to press ahead with Artemis and obtain a crewed lunar touchdown earlier than China can. In response to Duffy’s remarks and repeated requests for particulars, NASA press secretary Bethany Stevens reported that SpaceX and Blue Origin now have an Oct. 29th deadline for presenting “accelerated approaches” for lunar lander improvement:
NASA can be going to request plans from your entire industrial area {industry} – by an RFI (or Request for Info) – for a way NASA can enhance the cadence of our mission to the Moon. President Trump and Secretary Duffy have a mission to beat China again to the Moon. That’s why they’re harnessing the ability of the American area {industry} and in search of options to develop extra methods to land on the Moon.
At this juncture, it’s unclear which firms will take part within the competitors. What is obvious is that increasing the method to incorporate extra contenders would require extra funding. This shall be difficult, because the FY 2026 Finances allotted $18.8 billion to NASA, a 25% discount from 2025. The scenario is additional sophisticated by the federal government shutdown and the administration’s observe document of chopping public-sector funding. Nonetheless, given the present state of competitors with China and Duffy’s declaration {that a} crewed lunar mission will occur earlier than Trump’s second time period is up, there could also be efforts to loosen the purse strings!
Additional Studying: Ars Technica, Reuters.
