NOVEMBER WARMER, WETTER, AND SUNNIER THAN AVERAGE. AUTUMN 2025 WARMER, MUCH WETTER, AND DULLER THAN AVERAGE
Armagh Observatory, sixth December 2025. Armagh Observatory experiences that November 2025 was hotter, wetter, and sunnier than common. The meteorological autumn (September, October, and November) was hotter, a lot wetter, and duller than common. This was the dullest autumn at Armagh for 4 years and the wettest for 2 years. Following a long term of largely drier-than-average months, this was the primary meteorological season to have been wetter than common at Armagh since spring 2024, breaking a run of 5 consecutive drier-than-average seasons.
Whole precipitation this month was 87.25 mm (3.44 inches) together with one hint worth, that’s, 87.2 mm if hint values are ignored. That is roughly 18% greater than the 183-year (1838-2020) long-term common November precipitation at Armagh (73.85 mm) and practically 7% greater than the newest (1991-2020) 30-year common (81.87 mm). There was solely someday (the twenty ninth) that was fully dry. This was a cool, largely cloudy day however conveniently dry for these attending Armagh Georgian Day occasions.
The next day (the thirtieth) was in contrast the wettest day of the month with 13.2 mm (0.52 inches) of rainfall. The following wettest days have been the thirteenth with 11.5 mm and the twenty sixth with 10.1 mm. Defining a ‘rain day’ as a meteorological day with a minimum of 0.2 mm of precipitation, there have been 23 rain days this November at Armagh. This was the biggest variety of rain days at Armagh for any month since March 2024.
There was one named storm this month, particularly Storm Claudia, named by the Spanish Meteorological Service AEMET for its vital impacts within the Canary Islands persevering with over quite a few days starting on the twelfth. The identical storm led to ‘amber’ rain warnings being issued for southern and central elements of England and Wales over the 14th and fifteenth.
Not only a fairly image (Picture credit score: Keith Johnston)
Three rainbows have been seen from Armagh this month, one on the afternoon of the first, one other across the time of observations on the 18th, and the third throughout late morning on the twenty eighth. Sleet showers adopted by snow have been reported on the morning of the nineteenth, resulting in a lightweight overlaying of snow for a short while the next morning.
Bats have been seen flying up and down the Observatory driveway throughout early night on the sixth and twelfth, and a shiny fireball probably related to the Taurid meteoroid advanced, which is particles from the weird Comet Encke, was noticed travelling south-west at roughly 20:30 GMT on the tenth.
November is normally a changeable month. That is the month when days develop into noticeably shorter and when, as autumn turns to winter, temperatures fall sooner than at every other time of the 12 months. This 12 months the month began with practically a fortnight of largely damp, however very gentle climate, main as much as Storm Claudia. After this, the climate turned
colder, with some sleet and snow, earlier than ending the month with fluctuating temperatures nearer to the November common.
November can also be the month that has seen the best rise in common temperatures at Armagh over the past thirty years. It’s not shocking to see leaves on timber till fairly late within the 12 months, whereas these with lawns have develop into accustomed to slicing the customarily fairly damp grass nearly as much as the top of the month.
Contemplating the 30-year common temperatures, the newest (1991-2020) 30-year common November temperature at Armagh is roughly 7.33 C. This can be in contrast with 6.12 C for the corresponding (1961-1990) common, suggesting a rise in common November temperatures at Armagh of roughly 0.4 C per decade. With simply three of the final ten Novembers cooler than the newest 30-year common, this price of November warming is continuous.
The imply temperature this month was 7.95 C (46.3 F), roughly 1.73 C hotter than the 225-year (1796-2020) long-term common November temperature at Armagh (6.23 C) and 0.63 C hotter than the newest (1991-2020) 30-year common (7.33 C). The warmest days of the month, that’s, days with the best most air temperatures, have been 17.6 C on the sixth, adopted by 15.8 C on the third, 15.6 C on the fifth, and 15.1 C on the 4th. Every of those warmest days, from the third to the sixth, have been considerably hotter than the corresponding most up-to-date (1991-2020) 30-year common at Armagh (10.32 C). The utmost temperature on the sixth equalled the earlier warmest November day on document at Armagh (11 November 2022).
CREDIT: LiamMcArdle.com
These very heat November days have been complemented by a run of heat November evenings and nights. The best minimal air temperature, notionally the warmest night time, was 12.6 C, which can be in contrast with the newest 30-year common of 4.3 C. Though this occurred through the early night of the fifth, following regular meteorological follow it was attributed to the sixth. This warmest night time was adopted by 11.3 C throughout early morning on the fifth, and 11.2 C on the morning of the 4th, after which by 11.1 C throughout early morning on the seventh.
The bottom most air temperature, notionally the good day, was 5.2 C on the nineteenth, adopted by 5.3 C on the twentieth and 6.5 C on the twenty ninth. The bottom minimal air temperature, normally the good night time, was -2.0 C on the twenty first, adopted by -0.7 C on the twentieth and -0.1 C on the seventeenth.
This month there have been 4 nights with air frost and 13 with floor frost. The sharpest floor frosts have been -7.9 C on the twenty first, -7.2 C on the twenty third, and -5.0 C on the nineteenth.
November is normally a boring month, however with 67.0 hours of robust sunshine this 12 months it was sunnier than common. This November had roughly 12.5% extra robust sunshine than the 140-year (1881-2020) long-term November common at Armagh (59.6 hours) and eight.4% greater than the newest (1991-2020) 30-year common (61.8 hours).
The sunniest day was the first with 7.1 hours of robust sunshine, adopted by the ninth with 6.4 hours and the twenty fifth with 5.3 hours.
Taking the three months September, October, and November collectively, autumn 2025 was hotter, a lot wetter, and duller than common at Armagh, though no data have been damaged. Whole precipitation was 294.3 mm together with 10 hint values, that’s, 293.8 mm if hint values are ignored. That is roughly 32% greater than the 183-year long-term (1838-2020) common autumn rainfall at Armagh (223.2 mm) and 29% greater than the newest (1991-2020) 30-year common (227.9 mm). This was the wettest autumn at Armagh for 2 years, that’s, since autumn 2023 (347.2 mm), rating twenty fifth within the checklist of wettest autumns at Armagh.
With a mean autumn temperature of 10.81 C, very barely lower than autumn 2024, this autumn 2025 was hotter than common, roughly 1.4 C hotter than the 225-year (1796-2020) long-term common autumn temperature at Armagh (9.41 C), and 0.4 C hotter than the newest (1991-2020) 30-year autumn common (10.40 C). Regardless of autumn 2025 being hotter than common, rating twenty first within the checklist of warmest autumns at Armagh, this was the good autumn at Armagh for 5 years, that’s,
since autumn 2020 (imply temperature 10.65 C).
There have been 244.7 hours of robust sunshine at Armagh this autumn, roughly 94% of the 140-year (1881-2020) long-term autumn common (259.4 hours) and 91% of the newest (1991-2020) 30-year common (268.1 hours). Though autumn 2025 was duller than common at Armagh and the dullest autumn at Armagh for 4 years, it ranked solely fiftieth within the checklist of Armagh’s dullest autumns.
These knowledge seek advice from observations at Armagh Observatory, which has been recording the climate at Armagh since 1795.
