The mission
The Chang’e-6 spacecraft consists of 4 separate components: an orbiter, lander, ascender, and reentry module. After launch, Chang’e-6 will journey to the Moon and enter lunar orbit. The spacecraft’s lander and ascender will journey to the floor, whereas the orbiter and reentry module keep in orbit.
The lander and ascender will contact down within the southern a part of Apollo crater, inside the SPA basin. They’ll acquire 2 kilograms (4.4 kilos) of lunar materials utilizing a drill and scoop. The ascender will then blast again into lunar orbit and switch the samples to the reentry module. The orbiter will carry the service module again to Earth and launch it into the ambiance, the place it would parachute to a gentle touchdown.
All the mission is predicted to final 53 days, for much longer than Chang’e-5’s 23-day nearside pattern return mission. Whereas it’s on the Moon’s far facet, Chang’e-6 will talk with Earth by way of the Queqiao-2 relay satellite tv for pc, which launched in March 2024. Queqiao-2 is provided with one of many largest parabolic antennas ever despatched past Earth, with a diameter of 4.2 meters (13.8 ft).
The science
The samples Chang’e-6 returns to Earth will provide new insights right into a messy interval of Photo voltaic System historical past.
A lot of the Moon’s affect basins shaped about 3.9 billion years in the past when giant objects smashed into the Moon throughout an occasion often known as the Late Heavy Bombardment, or lunar cataclysm.
What triggered such numerous impacts to happen at roughly the identical time? There are two main theories. The primary is that the orbits of the large planets shifted, flinging leftover planet-forming supplies towards the inside planets, producing a spike in impacts.
The second principle is that the Late Heavy Bombardment was not a spike in any respect. As an alternative, it could signify the top of an extended interval of regularly declining impacts.
We are able to take a look at these theories with samples from the SPA basin, which dominates the far facet of the Moon. The basin is about 4.26 billion years outdated, predating the near-side affect basins.
Was the SPA shaped as a part of the Late Heavy Bombardment? Or was it a separate occasion? By acquiring exact dates for the basin and the craters overlying it, we can higher perceive the Moon’s historical past.
This additionally has implications for understanding the origins of life on Earth. It’s potential that asteroids carried water and natural supplies to Earth in the course of the Late Heavy Bombardment. Understanding the timing and circumstances of this occasion is crucial for unpacking our origin story.
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